What is Open Source?
For many people who are joining the OSCEdays community, the concept of Open Source is relatively new, and we get a lot of questions about it. But it is important to have a good understanding of it in order to reach the full potential of the OSCEdays and an Open Source-driven development of a Circular Economy.
So Sam @cameralibre & I @Lars2i decided to create this short video.
Find Links, Credits & Download links to the Video project and files here:
Links
Definitions
Open Source Hardware Definition
Open Source Software Definition
The Four Freedoms (Free Software Definition)
Open Definition (for Data & Content)
Logos Open Source Software & Open Source Hardware
How-Tos
Open Source Hardware: Quick Reference Guide
Open Source It Manual & License Guide
Ecosystems & Business Models
Open Source is not just about slapping on an open license and âOpen Sourcingâ your stuff. It often means building or becoming part of an ecosystem or platform. Donât think of it as 'Open Source Your Hardwareâ - instead âBuild Open Source Hardware - with others, or by building upon existing open projectsâ.
Business Models for Open Source
Not so focused on OS but explaining the platform aspect well: Simone Cicero on Openness & Platforms
Examples
List of free & open-source software programs (Wikipedia)
Making Society Wiki with a list of Open Source Hardware Startups & Companies
List of Open Source Hardware Startups, Companies & Projects in the P2P Foundation Wiki
Trademark
We didnât have time for this in the video, but one thing that helps people from time to time to understand Open Source business models better is the difference between copyright and trademark - you open up your copyright to allow collaboration, but your trademark and branding is still yours alone.
If, for example, Apple decided to open source their products to allow others to co-develop them, others would be able to use this technology and create their own devices, but only Apple could use the Apple logo and the official product names, like iPad and MacBook and so on.
Why are Non-Commercial Licenses not Open Source?
History
Open Source movement (Wikipedia)
The Cathedral and the Bazaar | About it (Wikipedia)
The Open Source movement can be seen as a fork of the Free Software movement. Free Software and Open Source Software are essentially the same thing, but with a key difference in emphasis:
Open Source was a term created in 1998 to market Free Software to business - its emphasis is on the methodology of effective collaboration to build high quality software.
Free Software, on the other hand, is focused primarily on ethical matters. âFreeâ refers to âFree as in Freedom, not Free as in free beerâ - here the key aspect is the userâs freedom to use, study, adapt and improve the software.
Whatever your perspective, It is good to go back and listen to Richard Stallman, the father of the Free Software movement. Here is one of his latest talks, given at the 31C3 in Hamburg in December 2014.
(Personally, I cherish both the ethical nature of Free Software and the effective collaborative methodology of Open Source, so when I talk about the software I use, I say Free/Libre Open Source Software, or F/LOSS for short. Richard Stallman has his own thoughts on the matter. -Sam)
Video Project
We like to practise what we preach! We have also published the video project (open it with Kdenlive) the video & audio files, and the editable graphics files used in the video (open them with Inkscape).
Admittedly, even though itâs possible, open sourcing video projects is not currently very practical. Even when only supplying the takes which we used in the final cut, the video files are more than 10GB of data, so it may be that nobody ends up using our files (which is fine).
But itâs important not to rely upon such assumptions. You simply canât know what other people may use your work for - the beauty of this process is that sometimes you get very unexpected developments that you never would have thought of. So if you can put your work out there for others to use, please do so. Just try to ensure that your project files and folders are tidy, well-labelled and logically structured, so that other people can understand them.
Script & Transcript
We made the mistake of scripting the video first instead of improvising the text directly to tape, hence why weâre talking a bit funny. But on the plus side, it already works as a text. So we like to share to original script as well as the full transcript of the video.
ORIGINAL SCRIPT
Download original script(.odt)
.
_ LIGHTS ON: Sam & Lars next to each other on the Sofa.
LARS:
Hi, we are Sam & Lars, part of the team that initiated the OSCEdays â the Open Source Circular Economy Days.
SAM:
Many people ask us, what is Circular Economy? And what is Open Source? Both the terms can be confusing if youâre not familiar with them, but itâs important to understand them in order to see the potential in the OSCEdays.
So in this Video we are going to answer the question: What is Open Source?
(DEFINITION)
_ SLIDE: âWhat is Open Sourceâ
_ Close-up Sam.
SAM:
What is Open Source?
The main idea is that when you publish or sell something, you also provide the information required to make and understand it â itâs like providing a recipe with a cake â people can learn from the recipe, find out whatâs in it, experiment with it, and adapt it to their own tastes, ingredients or equipment.
Open source means sharing your work and knowledge with the commons, in order for everyone to benefit â but there are a few key details and requirements which help everything run smoothly â these may be legal licenses or social norms which have developed over the years.
Since the founding of the Free Software Foundation in 1985, communities have developed definitions as clarifications and guidelines â weâll look at a couple here. The simple Open Definition says:
_ SLIDE: Open means anyone can freely access, use, modify, and share for any purpose
Open means anyone can freely access, use, modify, and share for any purpose.
And here is a version of that definition focusing on open source hardware. So for physical objects or related practices. These are the first two sentences:
_ SLIDE: Open source hardware is hardware whose design is made publicly available so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, and sell the design or hardware based on that design. The hardwareâs source, the design from which it is made, is available in the preferred format for making modifications to it.
Open source hardware is hardware whose design is made publicly available so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, and sell the design or hardware based on that design. The hardwareâs source, the design from which it is made, is available in the preferred format for making modifications to it.
So what is Open Source? It is sharing of information, and giving permission to do great things with this information! But for it to work, the information must be complete, clear and instructive and the permissions must be made explicit, to enable others do do everything with it that they see fit.
(COMMON PRACTICES)
LARS:
What are common practices of and around Open Source?
_ SLIDE: âWhat are common practices of Open Source?â
Well, as the definition says: People make what they do publicly available.
_ SLIDE: The word â# 1 PUBLISHâ appears as some kind of sub-title/on the screen.
So they share building plans for hardware, Recipes for materials. Instructions or Tutorials for processes, or Source Code for Software, parts lists, Full, machine-readable sets of data.
Not just superficial photos or descriptions, but really deep useful information in order to allow and enable others to do things with it.
Wherever possible, they try to use open standards â file formats which are compatible with a wide range of tools and are designed to be useful in the long-term.
_ SLIDE: The Subtitle: â# 2 USE ACCESSIBLE (OPEN) FORMATS & AVAILABLE COMPONENTSâ appears.
Provide editable formats that are accessible for many people. For exampls, a PDF is hard to edit! Share a .odt or .doc file as well. Make sure that others can read and edit your files without having to buy expensive software or tools.
SAM:
But when we talk about physical objects, this means:
Rather than using a complicated part that must be custom-built, or tools and materials that are difficult to access in certain parts of the world, people try to use use readily available common components and materials as well as standard processes.
LARS:
This maximizes the ability of others to make and use the hardware, meaning the project can get input, ideas and improvements from a wider range of people and use cases
_ SLIDE: The Subtitle: â# 3 ACCESS, SHARE, MODIFYâ appears.
SAM:
They can build these things and spread them. So the solutions find a wider audience, and more contributors. - like - 3 d printing is now so big, because of the open source Rep Rep project.
LARS:
People can adapt open source projects. Apply it to their local needs and ⊠There is no one size fits all solution - For the OSCEdays, for example, you have different waste in Lomé then you have in Helsinki so solutions will have to be customized.
SAM:
Open Source can save time and money by avoiding patents and growing collaborative communities to help with research and development.
LARS:
You can build trust in your Products, cause with open documentation others can repair and maintain it - and if the stuff is recyclable - recycle it.
(LICENSE REMARK)
SAM:
But for all this to work, you need to give people permission to help you.
Licenses are a practical tool which allow the open source ecosystem to work. An open license tells people âitâs ok, you have permission to use this. Go do something with it.â
A license is a legal document that signals to others what they can do with your stuff and what they canât. When you create a document, file, or creative work, you automatically have an all rights reserved copyright which stops others legally copying and improving that work. In order to legally allow collaboration with others, you have to use an open license, to give others permission to study, copy, modify, use and share your stuff.
The question of licensing is not trivial, and there are different licenses for different things. And it is not the purpose of this video to dive too deep into this matter. But whatever license you pick, make sure, that it does not have a âNon-Commercialâ clause or a âNon-Derivativeâ clause in it.
_ SLIDE with âNon-Commercialâ âNon-Derrivateâ â Open Source
Because this is not Open Source! Remember: Anyone can freely access, use, modify, and share for any purpose
_ SLIDE again: Open means anyone can freely access, use, modify, and share for any purpose
And commercial use is a valid purpose. By restricting commercial use, you restrict peopleâs creativity and motivation from the very first interaction. Using these licenses also makes your work incompatible with free and open projects.
As a starting point, here are two clear and common licenses which you can use which fit every definition of open source. You can find more information about them in the video description.
_ SLIDE with the CC-BY & the CC-BY-SA license + Link to creative Commons.
(MONEY & BUSINESS)
_ SLIDE: âCan you make money with Open Source?â
LARS:
Can you make money with Open Source?
I wish I could say that this question is rare, but the truth is that most people ask this.
Of course you can make money with it!
The idea that you canât is some kind of bug in many peopleâs heads â preventing them from thinking beyond monopoly business models and being really creative.
There are a lot of answers to this question and business models build on top of the advantages and possibilities of Open Source. And the OSCEdays are also about combining these answers with the business models of the Circular Economy.
Just because open source gives you information to make something yourself, it doesnât mean itâs all DIY and hobby projects - often projects are open source to allow companies and industries to collaborate on complex, high-level products which users probably wouldnât build themselves. Companies benefit from shared open source projects while specializing on their unique products and sevices. This allows for better, smarter, faster cross-industry collaboration. And we can use this approach to build a circular economy.
And we can use this to build a circular economy.
(TRADEMARK)
SAM:
One thing that helps people from time to time to understand this better, is the difference between copyright and trademark - You open up your copyright to allow collaboration, but your trademark and branding is still yours alone.
If, for example, Apple decided to open source their products to allow others to codevelop them, others would be able to use this technology and create their own devices, but only Apple could use the Apple logo and the official product names.
(COLLABORATION!)
LARS:
So, to sum up a bit:
Open Source is an effective method to collaborate in decentralized way. And with the OSCEdays we are aiming not just for a circular economy but for a circular economy built with this collaboration technique.
_ SLIDE: âWhere can I get more information about Open Source?â
SAM:
Where can You get more information about Open Source?
To start, you can follow the links weâve provided to various resources and definitions.
_ SLIDE with the names of all definitions and the links to it.
You can search online for âOpen Source + Your Cityâ or âYour Country" to get help from local people in your local language.
_ SLIDE with âOpen Source + YOUR CITYâ and âOpen Source + YOUR COUNTRYâ
Open Source is a wordwide movement. And you can probably find OS people in your city or country, that might be interested in helping you.
Or maybe there is a Makerspace or a Fablab in your city.
_ SLIDE: âMakerspace + YOUR CITYâ and âFabLab + YOUR CITYâ
Search âMakerspaceâ or âFabllabâ and âYour Cityâ. Many things that occur in and around Makerspaces and Fablabs are built because of Open Source Principles and Designs. So there is a good chance that you can experience open source there and also meet some people, that can help you.
(OS IS STILL YOUNG)
LARS:
And in the end, we want to say that Open Source is still young! It is very well developed in the world of software, where this whole movement started. And other areas are slowly catching up. But there is still a lot to invent in the world of hardware, processes, business communications and so on. Circular economy is a great goal to work on together, so letâs get experimenting!
Ok. See you at the OSCEdays. Or before. Or after.
SAM:
Bye
_ SLIDE: Credits
_ END
Download original script(.odt)
.
TRANSCRIPT OF FINAL VIDEO:
Hi, we are Sam & Lars, part of the team that initiated the OSCEdays â the Open Source Circular Economy Days.
in this video, weâre going to answer the question: What is Open Source?
What is Open Source?
The main idea is that when you publish or sell something, you also provide the information required to make and understand it â itâs like providing a recipe with a cake â people can learn from the recipe, experiment with it, and adapt it to their own tastes, ingredients or equipment.
Open source means sharing your work and knowledge with the commons, in order for everyone to benefit â but there are a few key details and requirements which help everything run smoothly â these may be legal licenses or social norms which have developed over the years.
Since the founding of the Free Software Foundation in 1985, communities have developed definitions and guidelines â weâll look at a couple here.
The basic Open Definition says:
For something to be âopenâ means anyone can freely access, use, modify, and share it for any purpose.
And here is a definition focusing on open source hardware, so for physical objects or related practices.
Open source hardware is hardware whose design is made publicly available so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, and sell the design or hardware based on that design. The hardwareâs source, the design from which it is made, is available in the preferred format for making modifications to it.
So what is Open Source? It is sharing of information, and giving permission to do great things with this information! But for it to work, the information must be complete, clear and instructive and the permissions must be made explicit, to enable others do do everything with it that they see fit.
What are common practices of Open Source?
Well, as the definition says: People make what they do publicly available.
So they share building plans for hardware; recipes for materials; instructions or tutorials for processes; source code for software; parts lists; and full, machine-readable sets of data.
Not just superficial photos or descriptions, but really deep, useful information in order to allow and enable others to do things with it.
Wherever possible, they try to use open standards â file formats which are compatible with a wide range of tools and are designed to be useful in the long-term.
Provide editable formats that are accessible for many people. For example, a PDF is hard to edit! Share an .odt or .doc file as well. Make sure that others can read and edit your files without having to buy expensive software or tools.
But when we talk about physical objects, this means:
Rather than using a complicated part that must be custom-built, or tools and materials that are difficult to access in certain parts of the world, people try to use use readily available common components and materials as well as standard processes.
This maximizes the ability of others to make and use the hardware, meaning the project can get input, ideas and improvements from a wider range of people and use cases
As more people can build these things, the more they spread. So projects find a wider audience, and more contributors.
People can adapt open source projects. Apply it to their local needs. There is no one-size-fits-all solution - For the OSCEdays, for example, you have different waste in Lomé then you have in Helsinki, so solutions will have to be customized.
Open Source can save time and money by avoiding patents and growing collaborative communities to help with research and development.
You can build trust in your products, because with open documentation others can repair and maintain it - and if it is recyclable - recycle it.
But for all this to work, you need to give people permission to help you.
Licenses are a practical tool which allow the open source ecosystem to work. An open license tells people âitâs ok, you have permission to use this. Go do something with it.â
When you create a document, file, or creative work, you automatically have an âall rights reservedâ copyright, which stops others legally copying and improving that work. In order to legally allow collaboration with others, you have to use an open license.
The question of licensing is not trivial, and there are different licenses for different things.
And itâs not the purpose of this video to dive too deep into this matter. But whatever license you pick, make sure that it does not have a "Non-Commercialâ or a "No Derivativesâ clause in it. Because this is not Open Source! Remember: Anyone can freely access, use, modify, and share for any purpose. And commercial use is a valid purpose. By restricting commercial use, you restrict peopleâs creativity and motivation from the very first interaction. Using these licenses also makes your work incompatible with free and open projects.
As a starting point, here are two clear and common licenses which you can use which fit every definition of open source: Creative Commons Attribution and Attribution-ShareAlike. You can find more information about them in the video description.
Can you make money with Open Source?
I wish I could say that this question is rare, but the truth is that most people ask this.
Of course you can make money with it!
The idea that you canât is some kind of bug in many peopleâs heads â preventing them from thinking beyond monopoly business models and being really creative.
There are a lot of answers to this question and business models build on top of the advantages and possibilities of Open Source. And the OSCEdays are also about combining these with the business models of the Circular Economy.
Is Open Source DIY?
Just because open source gives you information to make something yourself, it doesnât mean itâs all DIY and hobby projects - often projects are open source to allow companies and industries to collaborate on complex, high-level products which users probably wouldnât build themselves. Companies benefit from shared open source projects while specializing on their unique products and sevices. This allows for better, smarter, faster cross-industry collaboration. And we can use this approach to build a circular economy.
So, to sum up a bit:
Open Source is an effective method to collaborate in decentralized way. And with the OSCEdays we are aiming not just for a circular economy but for a circular economy built with this collaboration technique.
Where you get more information about Open Source?
Open Source is a wordwide movement. And you can probably find OS people in your city or country, that might be interested in helping you.
Search for "Makerspacesâ or "Fab Labsâ in your town or city. These spaces have a very strong relationship to open source, so there is a good chance that you can meet people who can help you understand it, and get your first open source experience.
And finally, we want to say that Open Source is still young! It is very well developed in the world of software, where this whole movement started. And other areas are slowly catching up. But there is still a lot to invent in the world of hardware, processes, business communications and so on. Circular economy is a great goal to work on together, so letâs get experimenting!
.
#Credits
Video made with Free/Libre Open Source Software (Kdenlive, Inkscape, Audacity, Ubuntu)
Auto Collaboration images by Judith Carnaby are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 4.0 license.
OSCEdays logo & branding by Jennie Ottilie Keppler and Max Fabian is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license.
Contains icons from the Noun Project:
âLegoâ by Jon Trillana is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (https://thenounproject.com/term/lego/3439/)
âWoodâ by Norbert de Graaf is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (https://thenounproject.com/term/wood/40841/)
Other icons either self-designed, or Public Domain from www.thenounproject.com
âWhat is Open Sourceâ by Sam Muirhead & Lars Zimmermann is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
ATTRIBUTION TO: âOpen It Agencyâ http://openitagency.eu" or âSam Muirhead http://cameralibre.cc & Lars Zimmermann http://larszimmermannâ
Some help, we plit the work?